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- CU Amiga -- History
-
-
- 680x0 Family
-
-
- When the Amiga was first launched, the Motorola family of
- microprocessors was the obvious choice. With the 68000,
- Motorola had started from scratch to create a true 16 bit
- processor. Unlike Intel, makers of the 80286, 386, 486 and
- Pentium family, Motorola decided to abandon any plans for
- "backwards compatibility". There was no need for convoluted
- tricks such as Intel-style memory addressing: an Intel
- processor can have several addresses for the same memory
- locations. There would be no hardware imposed limits of
- 640K. The 68000 microprocessor would be good at supporting
- multitasking and as it saw memory as one flat area, that
- alone made programming a lot easier.
-
- At launch therefore, the 68000 was an impressive chip and
- the ideal choice to build a new computer around. As the
- designers of the Amiga new, better Motorola chips would
- follow in the form of the 68020 and 68030. Improved
- performance, 32 bit power, higher operating speeds, support
- for Floating Point Units and Memory Management.. things were
- looking good. The 68040 was even more stunning, with an
- integral Floating Point Processor and impressive speed. The
- 68050 chip never appeared, but the 68060 doubled the speed
- over the 68040 and crammed in some new features.
-
- Sadly, the limitations of the 680x0 family were now obvious.
- The decision to make the 680x0 processors "do everything"
- devices rather than lean, mean RISC machines meant that
- improving performance further was getting extremely
- difficult. There are only so many components which can be
- fabricated onto a silicon wafer in a reliable and
- cost-effective way. The 68060 was pushing this limit and was
- therefore destined to be the last of the series.
-
- In the meantime, the Intel family had continued to be
- improved. The near total dominance of so-called "WIntel"
- computers meant there was huge demand for increased
- performance and huge amounts of money at stake. The Motorola
- series may have been in great demand by Amiga and Apple
- users, but the numbers were small and shrinking compared to
- PC users. Intel chip prices fall on a monthly or weekly
- basis. whilst Motorola chips are actually in short supply: a
- few months ago, 68030 processors were unavailable.
-
- The Intel Pentium chip is a very powerful piece of silicon,
- and the entry level chip now runs at 100Mhz (or 120Mhz by
- the time you read this) much faster than even a top of the
- range 68060.
-
-
-
- Custom Chips
-
- Brute processing power was never the sole point of the
- Amiga. The heart of the system, and the reason it
- out-classed rival 68000 machines and ran rings around the
- PCs of the day, was the custom hardware.
-
- The Amiga was really a multiple processor device. The
- Motorola chip ticked away in the centre, running programs
- and holding everything together, but graphics and sound were
- taken care of independantly. The PAD (Paula, Agnus and
- Denside) custom chips were stunning when the Amiga first
- appear. A separate processor, the Copper, looked after the Amiga
- display, and made possible multiple simultaneous screen
- modes, smooth scrolling and thousands of colours. No one had
- seen anything like it. The AGA chipset provided a few
- tweaks, improved speed and added more colours.
-
- Unlike PCs, the Amiga was always geared towards video.
- Displaying the Amiga Workbench on a colour portable (ideal
- for home use) and using a Genlock to add DIY subtitles were
- features even today other machines have real problems with.
-
-
-
-
- New and Improved.
-
- Initially, the video friendly aspects of the Amiga display
- were winning combinations. Few people could justify a
- dedicated computer monitor, and those that did were rewarded
- only with a slightly crisper image rather than new
- resolutions.
-
- Now things are different. The price and performance of SVGA
- monitors make them wide spread, and it makes sense to take
- advantage of the larger screen resolutions possible. These
- days, a 640 by 256 display is simply too small for anything
- other than simple games. The minimum should be 800 by 600,
- preferably 1024 by 768 and the maximum should be very large
- indeed.
-
- Doom, the game which was probably instrumental in almost
- killing the Amiga as a games machine, exploited the one
- thing which PC graphics cards were very good at: chunky
- pixel displays. Whereas the Amiga loves bitplanes and
- playfields, the PC likes dealing with individual pixels --
- this makes drawing textures very quick, and that of course
- means 3D games like Doom, Duke Nukem, Descent and Quake.
-
- Any new graphics system for the Amiga needs to be able to
- operate in a Chunky way. If the AGA chipset is only going to
- be tinkered with and sped up, it won't make a big
- difference. Instead, for a good indication of how things
- could be done, look at the CyberGraphics system which is
- used to emulate ordinary Amiga operations on third party
- graphics cards. CyberGraphics supports practically all Amiga
- Workbench programs with a host of features. A new 3D library
- is due soon which could be one of the most important
- additions to Amiga graphics in recent years.
-
- More Power?
-
- The end of the Motorola 680x0 family makes it obvious that a
- new processor family is required ASAP to carry the Amiga
- forward. Whilst the Amiga was in suspended animation, Apple
- progressed from the 680x0 to the PowerPC range. This move
- was a logical choice at the time because the PowerPC is
- exceptionally good at emulation, 680x0 emulation in
- particular, which makes porting software -- such as the
- operating systems -- considerably quicker. Companies such as
- Phase5 are keen on this solution, and have promised
- accelerator cards based on the PowerPC "real soon now." On
- the downside, the PowerPC doesn't appear to be as fast as
- many people initially hoped, and particularly with the
- success and relatively low-price of Pentium systems, it no
- longer appears the panacea it once did.
-
- But don't fret: there are plenty of alternatives to the
- PowerPC to choose from. The DEC Alpha processor has been
- mentioned, and it would be remiss not to mention the latest
- ARM processors from once-rivals Acorn: they are extremely
- fast and can be run using the waste heat generated by a
- Pentium.
-
- VISCorp's role in the development of the new Amiga seems to
- limited to their set-top box and an improved version of an
- A1200. They lack the will to build a new, PC-killer machine,
- and who could blame them? Trying to find a mass market for a
- machine which offers slightly better performance than a
- kitted out Pentium PC but at considerable increase in price
- would be an expensive and fruitless task. Better for VISCorp
- to stick to what they know, and oversee the licensing of the
- Amiga technology to companies such as MacroSystems and
- Phase5.
-
- If common sense provails, the new killer Amigas which will
- appear, will come from different manufactures but all carry
- an "Certified Amiga Compatible" sticker. Perhaps there will
- be different levels of compatibility, depending on the
- requirements of the software.
-
- The Amiga itself has reached the most important junction.
- One path leads to the set-top box: a friendly, mass-market
- and, compared to PCs, underpowered domestic applicance. If
- it catches on the way VISCorp want, it will however create
- an explosion in the amount of software required.
-
- The other path, a tortuous and narrow trail, leads to new
- technology, ludicrous amounts of speed and niche markets in
- the video and graphics fields. With the undecided nature of
- future hardware, VISCorp are unable to become a version of
- "MicroSoft" and simply bundle the AmigaOS with every clone
- machine made. Instead, they hope to have a supervisory role
- as keeper of standards.
-
-
- What the Amiga is good at
-
- * Good Operating System
- * Video friendly graphics
- * Affordable
-
- What the Amiga is currently bad at:
-
- * Updating the processing power
- * Supporting hardware standards such as ISA or PCI
- * Running other operating systems such as UNIX or Win95
- * Software market drying up
- * Sound and graphics now five years behind PC
-
- --
-
-
- Points of View
-
-
- The Amiga as we know it is dead. Commodore smothered it, and
- with it the hopes of any easy passage to a Next Generation
- machine. Instead we are left with a nice (although single
- user) Operating System and a video-orientated chipset which
- is out of date and cannot hold a candle to the latest PC
- display cards or PlayStation/Saturn consoles.
-
- Yes, of course, a new Amiga with a kick-ass processor and
- state-of-the-art graphics would be nice: but it's not going
- to happen. The effort and expensive required to build such a
- machine -- and building one from scratch is what we are
- talking about here -- is way too much. Who would buy
- something like this anyway? It would be two times as
- expensive as a Pentium based PC and lack the software to
- take advantage of the hardware. It's a dead end as a mass
- market machine, and although it would find a niche for tech
- heads and video fans, it wouldn't sell in sufficient
- numbers to be interesting.
-
- To re-cap, what we have now is a nice OS and some Video
- chips. Which is exactly what VisCorp want of course, for
- their consumer orientated set-top box. Yes, Commodore tried
- it with the CDTV, but this time there is the Internet and
- CableTV companies to help it along. The right sort of deal
- would see the box being supplied for free to your home,
- complete with all sorts of home shopping and pay-per-view
- systems. The Amiga would pay for itself in months.
-
- It just might work -- and if it does, it will spawn brand
- new desktop systems. Why? Because if there is a Amiga (in
- some shape or form) in a large percentage of homes, there
- will be a need for software. That means authoring systems
- and that means proper Amiga computers again. It also means a
- potential software market bigger than ever before: imagine
- if you could sell software to owners of video recorders --
- now you are getting an inkling of the size of the market
- VisCorp are playing for.
-
- So, the Amiga is dead -- but it also has the best ever
- chance of coming back. Better than AT. Better than Commodore
- even. Trying to sell it as a home computer is doomed to
- failure, but making it a domestic Internet/Smart
- Telephone/TV box is the Amiga's last best chance for a peace
- of the future.
-